![]() The AM transcript levels in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and rat mesangial cells were assessed. Fgtech software download. The dual luciferase assay was performed using a luminometer (Lumat LB 9507; Berthold, Bad Wildbad, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The Lumat LB 9507 tube luminometer provides the sensitivity and versatility you need in a general purpose luminometer. Advanced tube-based photon counting provides an extended dynamic range with linearity over more than six decades. A DLReady™ instrument, the Berthold Lumat is ideally suited for reporter gene.Missing. BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES Lumat LB 9507. LabX Marketplace; LabWrench Forums. Berthold lumat LB 9507. Find best value and selection for your Berthold Lumat LB. Abstract Muscle tissues contain the most classic sarcomeric myosin, called myosin II, which consists of 2 heavy chains (MYHs) and 4 light chains. In the case of humans (tetrapod), a total of 6 fast skeletal-type MYH genes ( MYHs) are clustered on a single chromosome. In contrast, torafugu (teleost) contains at least 13 fast skeletal MYHs, which are distributed in 5 genomic regions; the MYHs are clustered in 3 of these regions. In the present study, the evolutionary relationship among fast skeletal MYHs is elucidated by comparing the MYHs of teleosts and tetrapods with those of cyclostome lampreys, one of two groups of extant jawless vertebrates (agnathans). We found that lampreys contain at least 3 fast skeletal MYHs, which are clustered in a head-to-tail manner in a single genomic region. Although there was apparent synteny in the corresponding MYH cluster regions between lampreys and tetrapods, phylogenetic analysis indicated that lamprey and tetrapod MYHs have independently duplicated and diversified. Subsequent transgenic approaches showed that the 5′-flanking sequences of Japanese lamprey fast skeletal MYHs function as a regulatory sequence to drive specific reporter gene expression in the fast skeletal muscle of zebrafish embryos. Although zebrafish MYH promoters showed apparent activity to direct reporter gene expression in myogenic cells derived from mice, promoters from Japanese lamprey MYHs had no activity. These results suggest that the muscle-specific regulatory mechanisms are partially conserved between teleosts and tetrapods but not between cyclostomes and tetrapods, despite the conserved synteny. Introduction Myosin is a ubiquitous actin-based motor protein that drives a wide range of motile processes in eukaryotic cells. Muscle tissues contain the most classic sarcomeric myosin, called myosin II, which consists of 2 heavy chains (MYHs) and 4 light chains (reviewed in ). MYH contains 2 loop structures, loops 1 and 2, which are located in its N-terminal half, called the motor domain or subfragment-1 (S1), at the ATP- and actin-binding sites, respectively. MYH transduces chemical energy produced by splitting ATP to mechanical energy through the C-terminal half, called a rod, which has an α-helical coiled-coil structure. ![]() MyogeninVarious types of sarcomeric MYH genes ( MYHs) have been found in mammalian muscles. For example, 2 fast skeletal MYHs, called embryonic MYH3 and perinatal MYH8, are expressed during pre- and postnatal development, respectively []. Three MYHs, types IIa ( MYH2), IIb ( MYH4) and IId/x ( MYH1), are expressed in adult fast muscle. Extraocular MYH (MYH13) is expressed in extrinsic eye muscle. These 6 fast skeletal MYHs are clustered on a single chromosome, and this chromosomal organization is highly conserved among diverse mammalian species [,], suggesting their functional importance for temporal and spatial expression during development. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the gene expression and functional differences of encoded myosin molecules remain mostly unknown. More diverse sarcomeric MYHs have been found in the fast muscle of teleosts, such as the common carp Cyprinus carpio [-], zebrafish Danio rerio [-], medaka Oryzias latipes [-] and torafugu Takifugu rubripes [-], at the genomic and transcriptional levels. Lightroom 5 hack serial number. 201 rows Adobe Lightroom 5 Serial Number Serial Numbers. Convert Adobe Lightroom 5 Serial Number trail version to full software. Daniele HentzenIn addition, genomic structural and syntenic analyses have revealed that at least 13 torafugu fast skeletal MYHs are distributed in 5 genomic regions, 3 of which contain multiple MYHs forming clusters A, B and C [] (). These clusters are also found in the green spotted pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis, zebrafish and medaka [,,], implying that such genomic arrangement is conserved in teleosts. Interestingly, human fast skeletal MYHs form a single cluster, but their syntenic regions in torafugu, green spotted pufferfish and medaka are duplicated, although each locus contains a single MYH []. Based on phylogenetic, genomic structural and syntenic analyses, teleost MYHs in clusters A, B and C were defined as those of fast skeletal types A, B and C, respectively; non-clustered teleost MYHs and those in the human cluster were defined to be of the fast D type [] ().
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